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In science fiction movies, spaceships often travel between stars in a few days. Traveling between stars so quickly, however, requires traveling at speeds faster than the speed of light, which according to special relativity is not possible. Why is the speed of light the ultimate speed limit in the universe?
Mass Increase and the Speed of Light Limit
As seen by an outside observer, the mass of a moving object increases with its speed. According to the mathematical equations describing this mass increase, the mass becomes finite at the speed of light. Newton's second law of motion says the force required to accelerate an object is proportional to its mass. It therefore takes an infinite force to accelerate an infinite mass. An infinite outside force would be needed to accelerate an object to the speed of light.
Because there can be no infinite forces, no object with mass can reach the speed of light. Photons of light can travel at the speed of light because they have zero mass.
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